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(Redirected from Spaceward ho)
Spaceward Ho! | |
---|---|
Developer(s) | Delta Tao Software Mobilefreon (Palm) Ariton (iOS) |
Publisher(s) | Delta Tao Software Mobilefreon (Palm) Ariton (iOS) |
Designer(s) | Joe Williams Peter Commons |
Artist(s) | Howard Vives |
Platform(s) | iOS, Android, Mac OS, Mac OS X (before 10.7), Palm OS, Microsoft Windows (older version), Amiga (older version) |
Release | 1990 |
Genre(s) | 4X, Turn-based strategy |
Mode(s) | single-player, multiplayer |
The Spaceward Ho! icon, showing a planet wearing a cowboy hat.
Spaceward Ho! is a turn-basedscience fictioncomputer strategy game that was written by Peter Commons, designed by Joe Williams (Joedelta) and published by Delta Tao Software. The first version was released in 1990, and further upgrades followed regularly; the current version, 5.0.5, was released on July 8, 2003. It has received wide recognition in the Macintosh community, for example being inducted into the Macworld Game Hall of Fame.
Spaceward Ho! can be categorized in the 4X game genre (eXplore, eXpand, eXploit, eXterminate) with a theme of galactic conquest. It took many elements of its design from the earlier Reach for the Stars, but expanded on many of that game's basic themes while taking advantage of the larger memory and better graphics available on the Mac platform.
Version 5 is available for iOS, Android, Classic Mac OS, and Mac OS X versions before 10.7 (there is no universal binary) and Palm OS. Version 4 is also available for Windows and version 2 for Amiga.
Gameplay[edit]
The gameplay of Spaceward Ho! focuses on efficiently extracting the resources of conquered worlds while correctly anticipating and countering opponents' actions.
Spaceward Ho! can be played against a computer AI, or against other human players over the internet (via spacewardho.net). Previous versions of the game allowed also LAN-based networked play, but this feature has been disabled in the Mac OS X version. It has a very simple gameplay compared with most other games in the genre (such as Master of Orion). Depending on the initial settings, games take from about ten minutes to an hour. Its small but dedicated fanbase considers the simplicity to be elegance, and its designers boast that it has gotten faster and more intuitive to play with each new version. All unnecessary complexity has been stripped from the game, resulting in a fast-paced game that still manages to be very engaging.
The core of the game is the two-dimensional map of 'planets'. Each 'planet' has three characteristics: temperature, gravity, and metal. Temperature and gravity are both used to determine how fast colonies can grow and how large they can become (based on the preferred temperature and gravity for the colonizer, which is different for each player); the difference is that a player may spend money to change the temperature ('terraforming') while gravity cannot be changed. Colonies with low population take a certain amount of money per turn to support, while colonies with high population earn money for their owner. Metal can, with money expenditure, be mined for use with shipbuilding. A planet's stats are unknown until explored (to get current info on a planet, a player must have ships in orbit with no enemies present). Travel between planets is via hyperspace (ships cannot encounter each other except at planets), and the time it takes depends on the distance between the origin and the destination on the map, as well as on the speed of the ship in question.
Ships are built with money (representing renewable resources) and metal (representing non-renewable resources). Money and metal are available instantly, wherever needed. There are several different kinds of ships, including the basic Fighter, a Scout with longer range but weaker weapons, a Colony Ship used to found new colonies, Satellites which are cheap but cannot move from the world at which they are built, and in recent versions a few others as well, such as the Tanker and Dreadnought. Each ship has a ranking in each of five technologies: range (determining how far a ship can fly before refueling), speed (determining how quickly ships reach their destinations and who shoots first in a battle), weapons, shields, and 'miniaturization'. Higher-tech ships cost more money and metal, with the exception of ships with high 'miniaturization' which take far more money but less metal. Miniaturization is much less effective when applied to Colony Ships, compared to other types of ships. Ships cannot be upgraded, although old ships can be scrapped to retrieve a portion of their metal. When a ship is destroyed in battle, a smaller portion can also be recovered. The first ship of a given design costs two to four times as much as subsequent units, to account for research and design costs.
There is no ground combat; ships that face an undefended enemy colony simply bombard it from orbit until they or the entire planet population is dead. The planet can then be recolonized by the victor's species. If a battle lasts into the second round of firing, the participants will get information on what happened; if it ends in only one round, the loser will know only that he lost.
In addition to spending on supporting colonies, terraforming planets, mining planets, and building ships, players can spend money on technological research. This raises the available maximum for each of the five ship technologies. Crashy cars mac os. There is also a sixth type of research, 'Radical', which gives unpredictable advantages such as improved terraforming, information about distant planets, or a temporary advantage in one tech. Most spending in the game follows the law of diminishing returns: it is more effective to spend lightly but constantly on a given tech or planet for a long period of time than to spend heavily for a short period of time.[1] For example, a novice player might reason that allocating 20% of one's income to mining a particular planet would yield twice as much metal as allocating 10%; in fact, it yields only 40% more metal.
A pseudo-logarithmic bar graph displays the player's spending allocations. The player manipulates the bars with the mouse to allocate spending. As one bar is lengthened, the lengths of the other bars are automatically shortened (and vice versa).
Ports[edit]
- Spaceward Ho! for iOS was released in March 2012 by Ariton.[2]
- Spaceward Ho! for Android was released in March 2013 by Ariton.[3]
Reception[edit]
Publication | Score |
---|---|
CGW | [4] |
Computer Gaming World praised Spaceward Ho!, calling it 'the Holy Grail of strategic computer games – the entertaining, introductory strategy game', especially for multiple players over a network.[5] A February 1994 survey of space war games gave it a grade of A, stating that Spaceward Ho! 'drew in many non-wargamer types with the use of clever bells and whistles'.[6] A 1994 survey of strategic space games set in the year 2000 and later gave the game four stars out of five, criticizing the cover art but stating that it 'offers a fine 'beer and pretzels' game of economic/military space conquest .. Great gameplay and graphics with a touch of crass'.[4]Spaceward Ho! v. 3.0 for the Macintosh was reviewed in 1993 in Dragon #196 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in 'The Role of Computers' column. The reviewers gave the game 4 out of 5 stars.[7] The game was reviewed in 1994 in Dragon #202 by Sandy Petersen in the 'Eye of the Monitor' column. Petersen gave the solo version of the game 2 out of 5 stars, and the multiplayer version 3 stars.[8]
Next Generation reviewed the Macintosh version of Spaceward Ho 4.0, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that 'If you already own a copy, now is definitely time to step up to a new level of play.'[9]
Dungeon stuff mac os. In 1996, Next Generation listed Spaceward Ho! as number 52 on their 'Top 100 Games of All Time', citing its 'deceptive level of depth', high replay value, and eight-player mode.[10]Wil Wheaton called it one of his favorite games.[11]
Reviews[edit]
- Casus Belli #69 (May 1992)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Ho 4 FAQ'.
- ^'Spaceward Ho! for iPad'. iTunes.apple.com. Retrieved March 29, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^'How Apportable turned the Android version of Spaceward Ho! from 'Never, Ever' to 'You Bet!''. blog.apportable.com. Retrieved July 22, 2014.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^ abBrooks, M. Evan (May 1994). 'Never Trust A Gazfluvian Flingschnogger!'. Computer Gaming World. pp. 42–58.
- ^Cirulis, Martin E. (June 1993). 'A Review of New World's Spaceward Ho!'. Computer Gaming World. p. 128. Retrieved 7 July 2014.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Cirulis, Martin E. (February 1994). 'The Year The Stars Fell'. Computer Gaming World. pp. 94–104.
- ^Lesser, Hartley; Lesser, Patricia & Lesser, Kirk (August 1993). 'The Role of Computers'. Dragon (196): 59–63.
- ^Petersen, Sandy (February 1994). 'Eye of the Monitor'. Dragon (202): 61–65.
- ^'Finals'. Next Generation. No. 5. Imagine Media. May 1995. p. 95.
- ^'Top 100 Games of All Time'. Next Generation. No. 21. Imagine Media. September 1996. p. 51.
- ^Wheaton, Wil. 'Spaceward Ho!'. Twitter.
External links[edit]
- Spaceward Ho! at MobyGames
- 4X: Spaceward Ho! - another review.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spaceward_Ho!&oldid=991525184'
Apple Partition Map (APM) is a partition scheme used to define the low-level organization of data on disks formatted for use with 68k and PowerPCMacintosh computers. It was introduced with the Macintosh II.[1]
Disks using the Apple Partition Map are divided into logical blocks, with 512 bytes usually belonging to each block. The first block, Block 0, contains an Apple-specific data structure called “Driver Descriptor Map” for the Macintosh Toolbox ROM to load driver updates and patches before loading from a MFS or HFS partition.[2] Because APM allows 32 bits worth of logical blocks, the historical size of an APM formatted disk using small blocks[3] is limited to 2 TiB.[4]
The Apple Partition Map maps out all space used (including the map) and unused (free space) on disk, unlike the minimal x86 master boot record that only accounts for used non-map partitions. This means that every block on the disk (with the exception of the first block, Block 0) belongs to a partition.
Some hybrid disks contain both an ISO 9660 primary volume descriptor and an Apple Partition Map, thus allowing the disc to work on different types of computers, including Apple systems.
Intel-based Macs[edit]
For accessing volumes, both APM and GUID partitions can be used in a standard manner with Mac OS X Tiger (10.4) and higher. Dragonragers mac os. For starting an operating system, PowerPC-based systems can only boot from APM disks[5] whereas Intel-based systems generally boot from GUID disks.[1][6][7] Nevertheless, Intel-based Macs are able to boot from APM, GPT (GUID Partition Table) and MBR (Master Boot Record, using the BIOS-Emulation called EFI-CSM i.e. the Compatibility Support Module provided by EFI).
Intel-based models that came with Mac OS X Tiger (10.4) or Leopard (10.5) preinstalled had to be able to boot from both APM and GUID disks due to the installation media for these universal versions of Mac OS X, which are APM partitioned in order to remain compatible with PowerPC-based systems.[8] However, the installation of OS X on an Intel-based Mac demands a GUID partitioned disk or will refuse to continue, the same way installation on a PowerPC-based system will demand an APM partitioned destination volume. Cloning an already installed OS X to an APM partition on Intel systems will remain bootable even on 2011 Intel-based Macs. Despite this apparent APM support, Apple never officially supported booting from an internal APM disk on an Intel-based system. The one exception for a universal version of Mac OS X (Tiger or Leopard) is an official Apple document describing how to set up a dual bootable external APM disk for use with PowerPC and Intel.[9]
Master Mac Discussion
Layout[edit]
Each entry of the partition table is the size of one data block, which is normally 512 bytes.[1][10] Each partition entry on the table is the size of one block or sector of data. Because the partition table itself is also a partition, the size of this first partition limits the number of entries to the partition table itself.
The normal case is that 64 sectors (64 × 512 = 32 KB) are used by the Apple Partition Map: one block for the Driver Descriptor Map as Block 0, one block for the partition table itself and 62 blocks for a maximum of 62 data partitions.[11]
Each partition entry includes the starting sector and the size, but also a name, a type, a position of the data area and possible boot code. It also includes the total number of partitions in that partition table.[12] This ensures that, after reading the first partition table entry, the firmware is aware of how many blocks more to read from the media in order to have processed every partition table entry. All entries are in big-endian byte-order.[citation needed]
Address | Size in bytes | Contents | Required? | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Decimal | Hex | |||
0 | 0x0000 | 1 | signature1 (ASCII value 'P') | No |
1 | 0x0001 | 1 | signature2 (ASCII value 'M') | No |
2–3 | 0x0002 | 2 | reserved | No |
4–7 | 0x0004 | 4 | number of partitions (total) | Yes |
8–11 | 0x0008 | 4 | starting sector of partition | Yes |
12–15 | 0x000C | 4 | size of partition (in sectors) | Yes |
16–47 | 0x0010 | 32 | name of partition (fixed ASCII right-side NULL padded) | No |
48–79 | 0x0030 | 32 | type of partition (fixed ASCII right-side NULL padded) | No |
80–83 | 0x0050 | 4 | starting sector of data area in partition | No |
84–87 | 0x0054 | 4 | size of data area in partition (in sectors) | No |
88–91 | 0x0058 | 4 | status of partition | No |
92–95 | 0x005C | 4 | starting sector of boot code | No |
96–99 | 0x0060 | 4 | size of boot code (in bytes) | No |
100–103 | 0x0064 | 4 | address of bootloader code | No |
104–107 | 0x0068 | 4 | reserved | No |
108–111 | 0x006C | 4 | boot code entry point | No |
112–115 | 0x0070 | 4 | reserved | No |
116–119 | 0x0074 | 4 | boot code checksum | No |
120–135 | 0x0078 | 16 | processor type (fixed ASCII right-side NULL padded) | No |
136–511 | 0x0088 | 376 | reserved | No |
Partition identifiers[edit]
Types beginning with 'Apple_' are reserved for assignment by Apple, all other custom defined types are free to use. However registrationwith Apple is encouraged.
Identifier / type | Contents / file system | Name (typical) | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Apple_Boot | bootloader | MOSX_OF3_Booter, eXternal booter | This boot partition is used by Mac OS X on New World Macs (Open Firmware 3.0 and greater) when the file system on the main partition is not supported by Open Firmware, like in a software RAID configuration or when using a HFS+ case-sensitive or a UFS file system. It contains BootX on an HFS filesystem. |
Apple_Boot_RAID | bootloader | Raid Partition | |
Apple_Bootstrap | NewWorld bootblock | Although it is a general Open Firmware (New World) boot partition, it is specifically used by yaboot. It must be HFS formatted, so that it can be accessed by Open Firmware. | |
Apple_Driver | device driver | Macintosh | Mac OS classic drivers partition |
Apple_Driver43 | SCSI Manager 4.3 device driver | Macintosh | Mac OS classic drivers partition |
Apple_Driver43_CD | Macintosh | Mac OS classic drivers partition | |
Apple_Driver_ATA | Macintosh | Mac OS classic drivers partition | |
Apple_Driver_ATAPI | Macintosh | Mac OS classic drivers partition | |
Apple_Driver_IOKit | I/O Kit driver | Macintosh | Mac OS classic drivers partition |
Apple_Driver_OpenFirmware | Macintosh | ||
Apple_Extra | unused | This identifier masks an unused partition map entry. | |
Apple_Free | free space | Extra | This identifier masks free space as a partition map entry. |
Apple_FWDriver | Macintosh | Mac OS classic drivers partition | |
Apple_HFS | Hierarchical File System | Apple_HFS | While normally a HFS or HFS+ volume for Mac OS and Mac OS X, it can also contain an MS-DOS formatted file system (File Allocation Table, which can be accessed by Mac OS and Mac OS X). |
Apple_HFSX | HFS Plus | This partition contains a HFS+ volume without a HFS wrapper. HFSX was introduced with Mac OS X 10.3 and is only used in special cases, like case sensitive HFS+. HFSX is the standard partition type on Intel-based Macs (which use GUID instead of APM). | |
Apple_Loader | – | SecondaryLoader | Like Apple_Boot but on Old World Macs, it is used when Mac OS X is installed on a file system not readable by Open Firmware. This partition does not contain a filesystem—instead it contains the BootXmachine code in XCOFF format. This partition type was discontinued with Mac OS X 10.3. |
Apple_MDFW | firmware | firmware | This partition is used by iPod to load the firmware/OS. |
Apple_MFS | Macintosh File System | This partition is used by Mac OS for the Macintosh File System (MFS), which was introduced with the Macintosh 128K in 1984. | |
Apple_partition_map | partition map | Apple | The partition map is also a partition of its own. It can vary in size depending on how many partitions it may contain. |
Apple_Patches | patches | Patch Partition | Mac OS classic patch partition |
Apple_PRODOS | ProDOS | ProDOS file system | |
Apple_RAID | RAID | Apple_RAID_OfflineV2 | This identifier marks a Mac OS X partition used in a software RAID configuration. It normally contains the same filesystems a regular Mac OS X installation would have, like HFS/HFS+ or UFS. The separate boot partition Apple_Boot is mandatory. |
Apple_Rhapsody_UFS | Unix File System | Mac OS X Server | This partition contains a Unix File System (UFS) used by the Apple Rhapsody operating system (a development name marking the transition from OPENSTEP to Mac OS X) and is also used by Mac OS X Server 1.0 through 1.2 v3. |
Apple_Scratch | empty | This identifier marks an empty partition. | |
Apple_Second | Second stage bootloader | ||
Apple_UFS | Unix File System | Mac OS X | This partition contains a Unix File System (UFS) and is used by Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server (Version 10.0 and newer) and various Unix-like operating systems. |
Apple_UNIX_SVR2 | A/UX, Unix | Originally introduced for A/UX (Apple Unix operating system based on System V Release 2, hence SVR2) on the 68k, it was later reused for MkLinux which used the Extended file system. It is the standard partition identifier for many Unix-like operating systems, including Linux and NetBSD. It may contain any file system suitable for the installed operating system. If bootable, a file system that can be read by the Open Firmware bootloader from Apple_Bootstrap (e.g. yaboot) must be used. | |
Apple_Void | A dummy partition map entry to ensure correct partition alignment on bootable media. | ||
Be_BFS | Be File System | This partition contains a Be File System (BFS) and is normally used by BeOS. | |
MFS | TiVo Media File System | MFS application region, MFS media region | Used to hold the proprietary Media File System on TiVo hard drives formatted using Apple Partition Map. |
Partition status[edit]
Partition status is a bit field composed of the flags:
Value | Description | System |
---|---|---|
0x00000001 | entry is valid | A/UX |
0x00000002 | entry is allocated | A/UX |
0x00000004 | entry in use | A/UX |
0x00000008 | entry contains boot information | A/UX |
0x00000010 | partition is readable | A/UX |
0x00000020 | partition is writable | A/UX, Macintosh |
0x00000040 | boot code is position independent | A/UX |
0x00000100 | partition contains chain-compatible driver | Macintosh |
0x00000200 | partition contains a real driver | Macintosh |
0x00000400 | partition contains a chain driver | Macintosh |
0x40000000 | automatically mount at startup | Macintosh |
0x80000000 | the startup partition | Macintosh |
See also[edit]
- Amiga rigid disk block (RDB)
- Extended boot record (EBR)
- GUID Partition Table (GPT)
- Host protected area (HPA)
- Master boot record (MBR)
References[edit]
- ^ abc'Technical Note TN2166 – Secrets of the GPT'. Apple. Retrieved 2013-02-24.
…a standard block size of 512 bytes… […] Apple did consider extending APM to support larger disks. However, as such a change would break all existing partitioning tools…
CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) - ^Mac OS: Technical overview of disk volume structures
- ^Apple Support Communities: Guid Partition or Apple Partition? (2012)
- ^MacTech Magazine: Apple's Transition from Apple Partition Map to the GUID Partition Table by Criss Myers
- ^Apple Mailing List: Subject: Re: Apple Partition Scheme or GUID Partition SchemeArchived 2009-04-06 at the Wayback Machine, Timothy Standing, 2006-04-30
- ^Apple Support Communities: Create a bootable clone using Disk Utility (2014): an example of problems trying to boot on an Intel Mac using an APM partitioned drive.
- ^Apple Support Communities: Running Mavericks + FCPX on External Boot Drive? (2014): OS X Mavericks does not boot from APM partitioned drives.
- ^OWC: Booting your Intel Mac to an APM-formatted drive, M. Christopher Stevens
- ^Mac OS X 10.5: Creating and maintaining a bootable 'universal' external disk
- ^Rebe, René; Klaus, Susanne (2007). 'Creating custom Linux solutions – Apple Partition Map'. T2 System Development Environment.
While the original intent was to handle various block sizes, in practice only 512 byte blocks are supported.
- ^'Yellow Dog Solutions – Attaching Firewire Disks to a Linux Box'. Fixstars Corporation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-13. Retrieved 2013-02-24.
Comment: The command pdisk -l /dev/sda shows a size of 63 blocks for the Apple_partition_map. There is a multitude of examples like this to be found on the internet.
CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) - ^'IOApplePartitionScheme.h'. Apple. 2009. Retrieved 2016-08-07.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
External links[edit]
- Mac OS: Technical overview of disk volume structures Overview of the elements of a disk volume / partition
- File System Forensic Analysis: PC-based Partitions – Apple partitions Detailed technical analysis of the structure of Apple's partition map.
Cowboy Master Mac Os Catalina
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_Partition_Map&oldid=972117110'